Outcomes of Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding in Hospitalized COVID-19 Patients in the United States: A Propensity-Score Matched Analysis of A Large National Database

Authors

Moon Ryu, Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
Mohammed Quazi, Department of Mathematics & Statistics, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
Niloy Ghosh, Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
Karthik Gangu, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
Amir H Sohail, Department of Surgery, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
Asif Farooq, Department of Family and Community Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, Texas, 79409, USA
Babu Sriram , Maringanti, Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
Aman Goyal, Department of Internal Medicine, Seth GS Medical College and KEM Hospital, Mumbai, 400012, IndiaFollow
Anupa Patel, Department of Family and Community Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, Texas, 79409, USA
Muhammad Salman Khan, Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Imaging, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, 77030, USA
Abu Baker Sheikh, Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA

Abstract

Patients with cirrhosis that are hospitalized with COVID-19 infection have been found to have worse outcomes. No comparative study has been conducted between gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding in patients with cirrhosis who are diagnosed with COVID-19. We utilized the National Inpatient Sample (NIS) database to perform a retrospective analysis of 24, 050 patients diagnosed with cirrhosis and COVID-19. The identified patients were separated into variceal bleeding, nonvariceal bleeding, and no (or neither) GI bleeding groups. After performing propensity sample matching and multivariate analysis of mortality, we found no significant differences in mortality among the three groups. However, the variceal bleed group had a shorter length of stay (5.67 days lower than the no-bleed group). Esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) with intervention was associated with reduced mortality in the variceal and nonvariceal bleeding groups. Acute kidney injury was a strong predictor of mortality in both bleeding groups. A native American race was found to be associated with higher mortality in the nonvariceal bleeding group. Our study suggests that there are various pathophysiological processes among the three groups, with no significant mortality differences with cirrhosis complications of GI bleeding.

Recommended Citation

Ryu, Moon; Quazi, Mohammed; Ghosh, Niloy; Gangu, Karthik; Sohail, Amir H; Farooq, Asif; Maringanti, Babu Sriram ,; Goyal, Aman; Patel, Anupa; Khan, Muhammad Salman; and Sheikh, Abu Baker (2024) "Outcomes of Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding in Hospitalized COVID-19 Patients in the United States: A Propensity-Score Matched Analysis of A Large National Database," Journal of Community Hospital Internal Medicine Perspectives: Vol. 14: Iss. 2, Article 5.
DOI: 10.55729/2000-9666.1326
Available at: https://scholarlycommons.gbmc.org/jchimp/vol14/iss2/5