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Abstract

Introduction: Diagnosing inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is hindered by the invasive procedures required for accurate classification as Crohn’s disease (CD) or ulcerative colitis (UC). As alternatives, non-invasive tests using anti-Saccharomyces cerevisiae antibodies (ASCA) and anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCA) have gained significance. This study evaluated ANCA and ASCA antibody frequencies in IBD and their role in disease characterization in a Moroccan population. Methods: Conducted at Marrakech’s Mohammed VI University Hospital from 2014 to 2018, this cross-sectional study included patients with suggestive symptoms or confirmed IBD diagnosis based on clinical, endoscopic, and histological criteria. Immunological investigations detected p-ANCA, c-ANCA, and ASCA using immunofluorescence and immunodot assays. Results: Among 60 participants (mean age: 33.1±11.75 years), the 20–30-year age group was most affected (31.67%). CD, UC, and indeterminate colitis (IC) were diagnosed in 46.67%, 45%, and 8.33% patients, respectively. Gastrointestinal symptoms were prevalent (98.3%), with ANCA+/ASCA- profile in 41% of UC patients versus 11% in CD, and ANCA-/ASCA+ profile exclusive to CD (50%). ANCA positivity was significantly associated with UC, rectal syndrome, and inflammatory syndrome, whereas ASCA positivity was significantly associated with CD and König’s syndrome (p

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